Comparing various indicators for the LCA of residential photovoltaic systems

Abstract

This chapter presents a broad environmental evaluation of residential Photovoltaic (PV) systems. It focuses mainly on how variations in irradiation levels, assessment methodology, and the lifetime of the solar panel influence the perception regarding its sustainability. Data from the Ecoinvent Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) database and the literature were used and various Life-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods were considered for six different PV types. The results indicate that variations in irradiation levels, methodology and lifetime can significantly influence the final results and conclusions of a LCA. By carefully selecting assumptions and methodology, one can clearly influence the perceived environmental impact of PV systems. In addition, we state that multidimensional indicators should be used along with the one-dimensional ones. Also, the choice of the perspective (Hierarchist, Egalitarian or Individualist) has a major impact on the final results. In our opinion, the current focus on Greenhouse Gas (GHG)-emissions and energy efficiency ignores important environmental impact dimensions such as resource depletion.