Longevity and pleural mesothelioma: Age-period-cohort analysis of incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 1973-2013

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the hypothesis that an increasing fraction of incident pleural mesothelioma (PM) in the US population may be related to longevity, i.e., to expansion of the population over age 75 years with an age-related elevation in risk. An age-period-cohort analysis of the SEER 9 cancer registries (1973-2013) was conducted using 5-year intervals of age, calendar period, and birth cohort after stratification into four gender-age groups (male and female; 0-74 and 75+ years). Results: Gender-specific time trends in age-adjusted PM incidence by age groups were observed. After adjusting for cohort effects, males in the 0-74-year age group experienced rapidly declining PM incidence rates following the observed peak in 1978-1982, whereas continuously increasing incidence rates were observed among older males. A significant cohort effect was also observed among males in both age groups, with peak incidence rates in the 1926-1930/1928-1932 birth cohorts and thereafter. The distinct period and cohort effects among males age 0-74 years may be driven by declining age-adjusted PM incidence rates corresponding to the decline in occupational asbestos exposures post-World War II, whereas the increasing time trend seen in both genders at age 75+ may reflect an increasing proportion due to longevity-related factors.