Organizational Psychology on the Rise—McGregor’s X and Y Theory: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

McGregor's theory is one of the most well-known theories based on motivation , employee behavior and job performance. According to this theory, motivation can and should be achieved in different ways based on whether the employee is categorized as Type X or Type Y according to McGregor. In this paper, a review was conducted in order to address the contribution and current findings of the theory in the modern workplace. A number of recent studies were identified and concluded with ambiguous findings which later on lead to other studies in constructing a valid scale for evaluating X and Y attitudes behaviors and job performance. Even though this theory has not gathered substantial empirical support, it may prove to be an important framework for a better understanding of human behavior in the workplace. Directions for future research and possible applications are also mentioned.