Neuro-Ophthalmic aspects of orbital disease

Abstract

Orbital diseases are distinct from primary ocular disorders in that they require consideration of a much larger group of differential diagnoses. Thus, ptosis may be attributable to a "simple" problem in the anterior segment, but may also be the clinical presentation of a more general disorder, such as Horner's syndrome, oculomotor paralysis, or myasthenia gravis. One must also consider orbital involvement in primary disorders of the periorbital structures, including the paranasal sinuses and the intracranial space.