Screening for Antimicrobial Activities of Metanollic Extracts of Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens against Co-infections of Giardia lamblia and Salmonella among Diarrhoeagenic Children

Abstract

The antimicrobial and Phytochemicals activities of methanol extracts obtained from Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens plants were investigated individually and combined in an attempt to evaluate their medicinal potentials and efficacies on protozoan; Giardia lamblia and bacteria; Salmonella species as co-infections causing diarrhoea in under five populations in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols. Antimicrobial activity was determined against Giardia lamblia and Salmonella species; anti-giardial activity, an in-vitro susceptibility assays method was performed and antibacterial activity was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. The parasites mortality was determined by counting in hemocytometer under a light microscope and the zone of inhibition diameter produced against the bacteria were determined, expressed as mean ±SEM (Standard Error of Mean) and the differences between means were statistically analyzed and compared. The results obtained showed that methanol extracts of Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens singly used and in combinations had inhibitory effects on Giardia lamblia and Salmonella species. In all cases, the extractions, plants, concentrations and time were determinant factors for the anti-giardial and antibacterial activity. Anti-giardial activity was best recorded with extracts of Aloe vera which showed anti-giardial activity of (0.002±0.553), and activity was greater in combined Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens which showed anti-giardial activity of (0.002±0.679). Also, antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of these plants on Salmonella species, showed higher zone of inhibitions diameter with extracts of Aloe vera (0.895±20.17) and the efficacy becomes higher with the combined Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens which zone of inhibitions is (0.423±27.50).