Exit from arsenite-induced mitotic arrest is p53 dependent

Abstract

Background: Arsenic is both a human carcinogen and a chemotherapeutic agent, but the mechanism of neither arsenic-induced carcinogenesis nor tumor selective cytotoxicity is clear. Using a model cell line in which p53 expression is regulated exogenously in a tetracycline-off system (TR9-7 cells), our laboratory has shown that arsenite disrupts mitosis and that p53-deficient cells [p53(-)], in contrast to p53-expressing cells [p53(+)], display greater sensitivity to arsenite-induced. mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Objective: Our goal was to examine the role p53 plays in protecting cells from arsenite-induced mitotic arrest. Method: p53(+) and p53(-) cells were synchronized in G2 phase using Hoechst 33342 and released from synchrony in the presence or absence of 5 μM sodium arsenite. Results: Mitotic index analysis demonstrated that arsenite treatment delayed exit from G2, in p53(+)and p53(-) cells. Arsenite-treated p53(+) cells exited mitosis normally, whereas p53(-) cells exited mitosis with delayed kinetics. Microarray analysis performed on mRNAs of cells exposed to arsenite for 0 and 3 hr after release from G2 phase synchrony showed that arsenite induced inhibitor of DNA binding-1 (ID1) differentially in p53(+)and p53(-) cells. Immunoblottin confirmed that ID1 induction was more extensive and sustained in p53(+) cells. Conclusion: p53 promotes mitotic exit and leads to more extensive ID1 induction by arsenite. ID1 is a dominant negative inhibitor of transcription. that represses cell cycle regulatory genes and is elevated in many tumors. ID1 may play a role in the survival of arsenite-treated p53(+) cells and contribute to arsenic carcinogenicity.