Interim PET in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Abstract

In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, early assessment of treatment response by 18F-FDG PET may trigger treatment modification. Reliable identification of good and poor responders is important. We compared 3 competing methods of interim PET evaluation. Methods: Images from 449 patients participating in the “PET-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas” trial were reanalyzed by applying the visual Deauville score and the SUV-based qPET (q 5 quantitative) and DSUVmax scales to interim PET scans performed after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. qPET relates residual lymphoma 18F-FDG uptake to physiologic liver uptake, converting the ordinal Deauville scale into a continuous scale and permitting a direct comparison with the continuous DSUVmax scale, which is based on SUVmax changes between baseline and interim scans. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated for progression-free survival. Results: When established thresholds were used to distinguish between good and poor responders (visual Deauville score 1–3 vs. 4–5; DSUVmax . 66% vs. % 66%), the positive predictive value was significantly lower with Deauville than DSUVmax (38.4% vs. 56.6%; P 5 0.03). qPET and DSUVmax were strongly correlated on the log scale (Pearson r 5 0.75). When plotted along corresponding percentiles, the positive predictive value curves for qPET and DSUVmax were superimposable, with low values up to the 85th percentile and a steep rise thereafter. The recommended threshold of 66% SUVmax reduction for the identification of poor responders was equivalent to qPET 5 2.26, corresponding to score 5 on the visual Deauville scale. The negative predictive value curves were also superimposable but remained flat between 80% and 70%. Conclusion: Continuous scales are better suited for interim PET–based outcome prediction than the ordinal Deauville scale. qPET and DSUVmax essentially carry the same information. The proportion of poor-risk patients identified is less than 15%.