Intersectional community correlates of married women's experiences of male intimate partner physical violence in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background In Bangladesh, little is known about community-level factors shaping married women's experiences of male intimate partner physical violence (MIPPV); it is also unknown if these factors interact with each other. We examined the (1) association between four residential community characteristics defined by the attributes of ever married women in those communities-younger age, lower education, higher participation in earning an income and poverty; and (2) two-way interactions between these community-level MIPPV correlates. Methods We used a cross-sectional sample comprising 14 557 currently married women who were living with their spouses from 911 Bangladeshi communities. Data were collected during 13-22 August 2015. Conflict Tactics Scale-2 measured the outcome-women's current MIPPV experiences; and multilevel logistic regression models predicted this outcome. Results Four community characteristics including higher proportions of women's earning an income and achieving higher education were not associated with their increased likelihood of experiencing MIPPV. However, women living in higher earning participation, higher educated communities were significantly more likely to experience MIPPV than those in lower earning participation, higher educated communities (predicted probability, p=0.30, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.34 vs p=0.24, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.25). Conclusion This is the first study to examine interactions between women's community-level MIPPV correlates in Bangladesh. Although we did not find support for the relationship between women's most intersectional community-level locations and MIPPV, we did find a currently invisible vulnerable intersectional location: higher earning participation, higher educated communities. Bangladeshi violence against women prevention policies and programmes, therefore, need to engage with these particular communities to tackle head on male responses to these locations to reduce MIPPV.