Improved Geometric Configuration for the Bladder Cancer BCG-Based Immunotherapy Treatment Model

Abstract

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has shown significant success for bladder cancer treatment, but due to the lack of personalization, it does not fulfill its full promise as the interaction between immunity and cancer varies significantly between patients and results in extremely different clinical outcomes. As personalized treatment developed, it is important to take into consideration the geometrical configuration of the bladder in order to get realistic results using spatio-temporal treatment models. We present an extension to the model proposed by Lazebnik et al. [9] by improving the approximation of the bladder’s geometry from sphere-ring to ellipsoid-ring [8]. We show the differences between the models on the clinical results and their influence on the optimal treatment protocol.