Community- and hospital-acquired acute kidney injury

Abstract

Community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) has been found to be more common than hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (HA-AKI), even though the incidence is underestimated. Data comparing these two phenotypes of AKI are limited using various definitions. CA-AKI appears to be more common in male and younger patients. Preexisting chronic kidney disease is the most important risk factor for both CA- and HA-AKI. Difficulty in recognition of AKI in the community may lead to higher severity of CA-AKI compared to HA-AKI. Unlike HA-AKI, the causes of CA-AKI vary by geography, environment, socioeconomic status of patients, and level of hospital care. Interestingly, there are some unique spectrums of CA-AKI in the tropic areas. Despite the difference in epidemiologic profile between CA- and HA-AKI, the long-term outcomes are similar.