Mode 3 Knowledge Production in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems

Abstract

Developed and developing economies alike face increased resource scarcity and competitive rivalry. In this context, science and technology appear as an essen- tial source of competitive and sustainable advantage at national and regional levels. However, the key determinant of their effi cacy is the quality and quantity of entre- preneurship-enabled innovation that unlocks and captures the benefi ts of the science enterprise in the form of private, public, or hybrid goods. Linking basic and applied research with the market, via technology transfer and commercialization mecha- nisms, including government–university–industry partnerships and capital invest- ments, constitutes the essential trigger mechanism and driving force of sustainable competitive advantage and prosperity. In this volume, the authors defi ne the terms and principles of knowledge creation, diffusion, and use, and establish a theoretical framework for their study. In particular, they focus on the “Quadruple Helix” model, through which government, academia, industry, and civil society are seen as key actors promoting a democratic approach to innovation through which strategy development and decision-making are exposed to feedback from key stakeholders, resulting in socially accountable policies and practices.