Accessing Word Meanings

Abstract

Accessing word meaning Semantic word knowledge and reading comprehension in Dutch monolingual and bilingual fifth-gradersgual fifth-graders Word knowledge is one of the key elements in reading comprehension and by extension in school success. At the same time, it is not quite clear which com- ponents of lexical knowledge play a role in reading. Is it enough to recognize the words we read? Do we need an indepth understanding of their meaning? Is it also important how fast or easily we access meaning? The studies in this thesis investigated to what extent differences between children in word knowl- edge and in underlying lexical-semantic processes are predictive of differences in reading comprehension. In three quantitative studies, lexical-semantic skills and reading comprehen- sion are investigated for Dutch monolingual and bilingual minority children. Previous research indicates disadvantages for bilingual minority children in both vocabulary and reading. The analyses in this thesis show delays for bilingual minority children in read- ing comprehension, semantic word knowledge and speed of accessing seman- tic and lexical information in the face of comparable word decoding. For both groups, semantic word knowledge is a relevant predictor of reading compre- hension. Semantic classification speed but not priming makes a small addi- tional contribution to reading comprehension. A final model shows that the differences between language groups are not fully mediated by semantic word knowledge and speed, leaving room for factors other than lexical-semantic differences. The findings suggest that sufficient semantic knowledge of word meaning and to a small extent fast access to meaning facilitate reading com- prehension.