Study of microalbuminuria and uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: A significant complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 hour urinary albumin excretion) is an indicator of diabetic nephropathy in type II mellitus diabetes patients. Research has shown that the development of microalbuminuria with therapies to closely regulate blood sugar and blood pressure is reversible. Hyper-uricemia represents an independent threat of renal dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Hyperuricemia can lead to endothelial dysfunction and nitric oxide inhibition, which can cause insulin resistance and thus diabetes. Uric acid assessment is cost-effective, preventive, and has significant consequences for public health. Aim: To assess the significance of microalbuminuria and uric acid for early detection of kidney and cardiovascular involvement in type 2 Diabetes mellitus and early prevention its complications. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 100 diagnosed patients of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus were taken as cases and 100 age and sex-matched normal persons were taken as controls. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hours postprandial glucose levels (2hPG), serum uric acid and serum creatinine, urinary microalbumin, urinary creatinine were analyzed in them. Urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated. Result: In this study, it was seen that the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 37% in cases and 8% in control. Mean value of age, BMI, fasting glucose, post-meal plasma glucose, serum uric acid, microalbuminuria in patients of diabetes mellitus was found to be highly significant as compared to the control group (p<0.0001)). Males had higher values of microalbuminuria than females whereas serum uric acid was higher in females than males. There is positive and significant correlationship of micro-albuminuria with age, duration of diabetes, BMI, fasting blood sugar (FBS), post meal blood sugar (PMBS), and uric acid (r-value=0.32, p-value=0.0013) in patients of diabetes mellitus. There is positive and significant correlation between serum UA with age and BMI in patients of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria may be used as a predictor for early kidney involvement in type 2 diabetes. Early diagnosis of renal involvement as predicted by microalbuminuria may be used to avoid diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Uric acid may be used to screen diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Hyperuricemia can be represented as increased glucose intolerance, and diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.