Rigorous kinetics modeling of hydrogen synthesis

Abstract

Closed-loop real-time optimization (CLRTO) with rigorous models improves the profitability of scores of process units in refineries and chemical plants. In addition to optimizing operations, the models serve as the basis for effective process monitoring and the identification of revamp opportunities. Rigor in every part of the plant – equipment, feed definition and reaction kinetics – is the key to success. Equipment constraints define the plant’s capability, so CLROT models must include these too. Hydrogen synthesis online optimizers are part of several plant-wide optimizers. This chapter describes the rigorous reaction kinetics employed for CLRTO in steam/hydrocar-bon reforming plants. Kinetic relationships are shown for the core reactions, coking in different kinds of equipment, catalyst poisoning, heat transfer, and heat balances. Finally, comparisons are shown between model predictions and plant performance.