Is the QT interval an indicator of autonomic state?

Abstract

Prolonged QT interval is suggested to indicate an increased risk of sudden cardiac death in certain clinical conditions such as diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether the individual QT interval is an indicator of an autonomic state. An ambulatory 24-hour ECG was recorded in 53 subjects from different clinical backgrounds. Power spectral components of heart rate variability (HRV) and the QT interval were regressively obtained at a heart rate of 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 beats per minutes (bpm). Log values of the high-frequency component of HRV (HF: 0.15-0.50 Hz, a scale of cardiac parasympathetic tone) failed to show a relationship with the QT interval. In contrast, the QT interval at a heart rate of 90 bpm and 100 bpm showed a significant correlation with the log values of the low-frequency component (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and the log[LF / HF], i.e., a putative scale of sympathetic tone (100 bpm: QT vs logLF: r = 0.414, p < 0.005, QT vs log[LF / HF]: r = 0.416, p < 0.002). Also, attenuated rate-dependent QT shortening was associated with greater logLF and log[LF / HF] values at a heart rate of 80, 90, or 100 bpm. These results suggest that the QT interval at a moderate heart rate (approximately 90-100/min) and the degree of rate-dependent QT shortening are related to individual sympathetic tone.