Recent Developments in U.S. Homeland Security Policies and Their Implications for the Management of Extreme Events

Abstract

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have resulted in profound changes in the U.S. policy system. The federal government has responded to the events of 9/11 and to the ongoing terrorist threat by passing new laws, creating the Department of Homeland Security, issuing presidential directives, developing new preparedness and crisis management programs, and reorganizing and redirecting existing programs. Among the effects of these actions are a decrease in emphasis on preparedness and response for natural and technological disasters; an increase in the role of law enforcement agencies and the military in the management of domestic emergencies, accompanied by a decline in the importance and influence of the emergency management profession; and an increase in the importance of “special purpose” initiatives that have the potential for interfering with efforts to develop comprehensive, integrated, all-hazards approaches to managing extreme events.