Lifestyle, reproductive factors and food intake in greenlandic pregnant women: The accept - Sub-study

Abstract

Background. In the past decades, Greenland has changed from a hunter society to a more western lifestyle, causing less intake of traditional food, such as marine mammals, fish and seabirds. These changes in the living conditions and food habits might impact the maternal health in Greenland. Objectives. To describe lifestyle, reproductive factors and food intake in Greenlandic pregnant women, and to assess possible age and geographical differences. Design. Cross-sectional study of 189 Greenlandic pregnant women. Inclusion criteria were ≥ 18 years and lived > 50% of their life in Greenland. Data were collected in 2010-2011, and information was obtained from lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires. Two age groups for comparison were given for the pregnant women (B27 years vs. ≥ 27 years) with regard to the median age. Region groups for comparison were West, Disko Bay, South, North and East. Results. Population characteristics showed that 43.3% had pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) > 25.0 kg/m2, 46.3% were current smokers in the beginning of their pregnancy and few participants consumed alcohol during pregnancy.Women B27 years were more in doubt regarding planned breastfeeding period and consumed more dried fish and fast food.Atrend for higher alcohol intake during pregnancywas found forwomen]27 years. The regional differences showed that women living > 50% in North, South and West had a higher alcohol intake during pregnancy. Women inNorth had the fewest breastfeeding plans.Women in DiskoBay had the lowest intake of terrestrial species.No significant geographical differenceswere found for intake ofmarinemammals or seabirds. Conclusions. The present study found relatively high BMI level and high smoking frequency in Greenlandic pregnant women. Age and region differences were found for alcohol consumption, breastfeeding plans and food intake profile. Further research is needed to implement relevant maternal health intervention programs in Greenland.