Micro-Pulling-Down (μ-PD) and Related Growth Methods

Abstract

A comparison of the $μ$-PD technique with other (sometimes very similar) melt growth configurations is made. Both well known and relatively rare procedures are reviewed. An attempt is made to classify melt growth methods where crystal growth is achieved through displacement of the solidified material in the downward direction. This classification scheme was based on the appearance and spatial positioning of the basic components of the growth system: the melt, the solids, the crucible, etc. The advantages and shortcomings of $μ$-PD are summarized from the point of view of the process, the degree of control over the shape of the crystal, and the ability of the technique to be industrialized. Some historical comments demonstrate the evolution of the method from methodological and technical points of view.