Historically, the climate of the HKH has experienced significant changes that are closely related to the rise and fall of regional cultures and civilizations. Studies show well-established evidence that climate drivers of tropical and extra-tropical origin-such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the Arctic Oscillation-influence the region’s weather and climate on multiple spatio-temporal scales.
CITATION STYLE
Krishnan, R., Shrestha, A. B., Ren, G., Rajbhandari, R., Saeed, S., Sanjay, J., … Ren, Y. (2019). Unravelling Climate Change in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Rapid Warming in the Mountains and Increasing Extremes. In The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People (pp. 57–97). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_3
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