COMMD proteins and the control of the NFκB pathway

Abstract

The COMM domain containing (COMMD) family of proteins represents a recently discovered set of evolutionarily conserved factors characterized by the presence of a defining carboxy-terminal motif. In vertebrates, there are ten members of the family, and among their emerging functions the control of the transcription factor NFκB has been most extensively studied. NFκB plays a critical role in a number of homeostatic processes in multicellular organisms, including the regulation of immunity and cell survival. COMMD proteins inhibit NFκB mediated gene expression, and recent mechanistic studies have revealed that COMMD1 controls the ubiquitination of NFκB subunits, an event linked to transcriptional termination. COMMD1 binds to a multimeric ubiquitin ligase containing Elongins B/C, Cul2 and SOCS1 (ECS SOCS1). In this complex, COMMD1 facilitates the binding of NFκB subunits to the ligase, thereby promoting their ubiquitination and degradation. Additional insights gained from these studies indicate that COMMD proteins likely play a broader role in cellular homeostasis through their participation in the ubiquitination pathway. ©2007 Landes Bioscience.