Evaluation of antifungal activity of lemon (citrus lemon) in marrakech and kenitra cities morocco

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to evaluate antifungal activity by using fresh lemon peels in two cities: Marrakech and Kenitra, Morocco. This fungal activity was tested against seven pathogenic fungal strains which are saccharomyces cerivicae, candida albicans, candida spp1, candida spp2, candida spp3, candida spp4, and candida spp5. The study used, in this procedure, the extract of ethanol and methanol, besides the extraction of essential oils of lemon peels in the Marrakesh and Kenitra in order to obtain the yield, the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC), and the minimum concentrations of antifungals(MFC). As a result, the yield of essential oil, methanol, and ethanol extracts were 0.78%; 9.8%; 10.05%, and 0.64%, 8.3%, 8.9% in Marrakech, Kenitra, respectively. the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) were tested at concentrations ranging from (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) as wells as their the minimum concentrations of antifungals(MFC). Also, Zones of inhibition were recorded extend from 9 to 36 mm and from 8 to 18 mm in the concentrations of ethanolic extracts, the zones inhibition ranged from 10 to 26 mm and from 9 to 18 mm in the concentrations of methanolic extracts, and the zones inhibition ranged from 20 to 34 mm and 10 to 20in the concentrations of essential oil for Marrakech and Kenitra, successively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum antifungal concentrations (MFC) to the lower concentration, as opposed to saccharomyces cerevisiae, is 0.1 mg/ml), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum antifungal, concentrations (MFC) to higher concentrate against candida spp1 are 2.5 mg/ml). The results showed a difference in yields due to the difference in solvents and also in regions. The highest antifungal potentiality was exhibited by the ethanol followed by the methanol followed by the essential oil. Therefore, increased yield offset by high fungal activity, because of the difference in environmental conditions, climate, lack of water, distance, proximity to the sea and elevation, genes, extraction and season. The activities of the extracted oils depend on the availability of the active constituent based on the use of a solvent.