Nutrition education in medical school: The case of international medical students in China

Abstract

Objective To assess the knowledge on country-specific nutrition situation, perceptions of the nutrition curricula and factors influencing capacity to offer nutrition guidance among medical students studying internationally in China compared with their home-country counterparts. Design Cross-sectional study. Settings China, Ghana, India and Montenegro. Participants International medical students in China and medical students studying in their home countries of Ghana, India and Montenegro. Main measure An online semistructured questionnaire was administered using WeChat for international students and Microsoft Forms for home-country medical students to assess students' perceived knowledge and significance of nutrition, knowledge of country-specific nutrition situation, perceptions of the nutrition curricula and perceived capacity to offer nutrition counselling. Result In all, 190 medical students responded to the survey: 110 international students studying in China and 80 home-country students from Ghana (40), India (20) and Montenegro (20). Home-country students rated the importance of nutrition in health and disease development higher than international students (p<0.05). International students reported not having any specific nutrition courses while home-country students had nutrition courses as part of their curriculum. Only 8.2% of international students and 13.8% of home-country students were able to correctly mention any specific national nutrition guidelines of their home countries. Home-country students were more likely to provide correct nutrition recommendations for infants (χ2(3)=26.349; p=0.001), pregnancy (χ2(3)=9.793; p=0.007), lactating mothers (χ2(3)=9.112; p=0.011), diabetes (χ2(3)=13.619; p=0.001), hypertension (χ2(3)=12.022; p=0.002), overweight/obesity (χ2(3)=8.896; p=0.012) and undernutrition (χ2(3)=7.670; p=0.022) compared with international students. Practical nutrition courses, hours of nutrition education and how often students were asked nutrition-related questions tended to affect and predict the adequacy of nutrition education received and the perceived confidence for nutrition counselling. Conclusion International medical students in China are less familiar with the nutrition context in their respective home countries compared with their home-country counterparts. Medical schools in China that train significant numbers of international students need to support these students to become familiar with their respective countries' nutrition contexts.