Climate change: Impacts on carbon sequestration, biodiversity and agriculture

Abstract

Climate change is a wider term and encompasses every aspect of biotic and abiotic life. Climate plays a very basic and significant role in the biology of living things. As a result the key factor amongst many to determine life in specific region thousands of years ago is the fact that various climate cycles existed at that place at that times. The recent decades have witnessed drastic changes in climate because of rise in atmospheric carbondioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) levels leading to increase in temperature, melting of glaciers and rise in sea level. The ultimate trends that CO2 and climate will constitute in the future are unknown. However, the researchers have been raising questions about carbon sequestration, food security, and crop productivity in the field of agriculture and extinction of species in the field of biodiversity. The term carbon sequestration implies the ways and means through which atmospheric carbon is transferred into the long lived pools and storing it safely in a way that it may not be re-emitted into the atmosphere. Anthropogenic activities, over a period of time have raised serious concerns to sequester carbon and lower down its concentration in the atmosphere, hence leading to drastic climate changes. Since it is not possible to cover all aspects of climate change, in this review we have emphasized on green house and non-green house aspects of climate change and their potential of global warming, implications on carbon sequestration sustainability and agriculture.