High-resolution mapping in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: A case-based review of the PENTARAY™ catheter

Abstract

Ablation of AF through electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is a well-established procedure and a cornerstone in the ablation of AF, with a variety of techniques and ablation strategies now available. However, high numbers of patients are returning to hospital following ablation procedures such as pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Scar tissue is found present in many of these patients, in particular those with persistent AF and even those with paroxysmal AF. This scarring is associated with poor outcomes after PVI. Cardiac mapping is necessary to locate triggers and substrate so that an ablation strategy can be optimised. The PENTARAY™ Catheter (Biosense Webster) is a technology that offers the physician more information regarding the status of the tissue compared with standard ablation catheters, which can lead to improved outcomes. This article discusses the importance of substrate mapping in persistent AF and presents case studies illustrating the utility of the PENTARAY™ Catheter.