Brain arteriovenous malformations

Abstract

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are abnormal tangles of blood vessels, which directly connect the high-pressure arterial system to a low-pressure venous system, without an intervening capillary bed. Brain AVMs tend to cause symptoms by hemorrhaging or by causing a seizure disorder. Hemorrhage and seizure rates are quite variable including patient age and characteristics of the AVM. There have been significant improvements and technological advancements in AVM diagnosis and treatment that allow clinicians to individualize patient care. Treatment for brain AVMs includes primary seizure management with medications, surgical removal, catheter-based embolization, and radiation therapy. Patients and their families should be aware of the presenting signs of a neurological emergency secondary to brain AVM bleeding or seizures.