Investigation of mitochondrial adaptations to modulation of carbohydrate supply during adipogenesis of 3t3‐l1 cells by targeted1h‐nmr spectroscopy

Abstract

(1) Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic and plastic tissue showing high sensitivity to carbohydrate supply. In such a context, the WAT may accordingly modulate its mito-chondrial metabolic activity. We previously demonstrated that a partial replacement of glucose by galactose in a culture medium of 3T3‐L1 cells leads to a poorer adipogenic yield and improved global mitochondrial health. In the present study, we investigate key mitochondrial metabolic actors reflecting mitochondrial adaptation in response to different carbohydrate supplies. (2) Methods: The metabolome of 3T3‐L1 cells was investigated during the differentiation process using different glucose/galactose ratios and by a targeted approach using1H‐NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic reso-nance) spectroscopy; (3) Results: Our findings indicate a reduction of adipogenic and metabolic overload markers under the low glucose/galactose condition. In addition, a remodeling of the mi-tochondrial function triggers the secretion of metabolites with signaling and systemic energetical homeostasis functions. Finally, this study also sheds light on a new way to consider the mitochon-drial metabolic function by considering noncarbohydrates related pathways reflecting both health-ier cellular and mitochondrial adaptation mechanisms; (4) Conclusions: Different carbohydrates supplies induce deep mitochondrial metabolic and function adaptations leading to overall adipo-cytes function and profile remodeling during the adipogenesis.