Metabolite profiling and activity study of ethanol extract of Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves in increasing bone density in male mice

Abstract

Phytoestrogen is a group compound which has an estrogen-like structure or function. One of its roles was in the bone formation. Chrysophyllum cainito L. is a plant that contains phytoestrogen. The purpose of this research is to determine the metabolite profile and activity of1ethanolpextract of C. cainitoxleaves to increase trabecular femur bone density in male mice. The metabolite profiling analysis was done using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and analyzed using Masslynx 4.1 software. Four doses of ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves were prepared for treatment. Which are 2,14,48, and 316 mg/ body weight (BW) mice/day in 4 weeks, afterpthe mice were induced by dexamethasone 0.0029 mg/ BW mice/day as osteoporosis model, and induction of alendronate 0.026 mg/BW mice/day as a positive control. The metabolite profiling showed a total of 41 compounds, with some compounds have activity as estrogenic such as myricetin and dibutyl phthalate. The activity test showed that ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves in all doses can increase the trabecular femur bone density in male mice, with an optimum dose of 16 mg/BW mice/day. This activity is probably due to myricetin and dibutyl phthalate that act as phytoestrogens in C. cainito, that can replace the function of estrogen in its bond with bone-Estrogen receptor.