Management of eyelid malposition in Thyroid eye disease

Abstract

The ocular manifestations of Graves ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease (TED) include retraction and malposition of the upper and lower eyelids, strabismus due to infiltrative changes of the extraocular muscles, proptosis, globe exposure with keratitis, and optic neuropathy due to apical compression of the optic nerve [1–5]. Most patients presenting with TED have been treated or are in the course of treatment for thyroid dysfunction; therefore significant eye disease often occurs at a time when the patient is systemically euthyroid [5]. Orbital manifestations of TED and their management are considered elsewhere in this text. This chapter focuses on eyelid malpositions that are associated with TED.