Introduction. Methods in Ecosystem Science: Progress, Tradeoffs, and Limitations

Abstract

Introduction. Methods in Ecosystem Science: Progress, Tradeoffs, and Limitations 1 References 3 Pt. 1 Carbon and Energy Dynamics 5 1 Stand Structure in Terrestrial Ecosystems 7 2 Methods of Estimating Aboveground Net Primary Productivity 31 3 Global Terrestrial Gross and Net Primary Productivity from the Earth Observing System 44 4 Methods of Estimating Belowground Net Primary Production 58 5 The Measurement of Primary Production in Aquatic Ecosystems 72 6 Benthic Respiration in Aquatic Sediments 86 7 Decomposition and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics 104 8 Stable Isotope Tracers and Mathematical Models in Soil Organic Matter Studies 117 9 Microbial Carbon Cycling in Pelagic Ecosystems: Microbial Methods for Ecosystem Scientists 138 10 Herbivory in Terrestrial Ecosystems 151 Pt. 2 Nutrient and Water Dynamics 159 11 Canopy Fluxes 161 12 Assessing Ecosystem-Level Water Relations Through Stable Isotope Ratio Analyses 181 13 Measuring Water Availability and Uptake in Ecosystem Studies 199 14 Nutrient Transformations 215 15 Biogenic Trace Gas Exchanges 235 16 Ecosystem Nutrient Balance and Dynamics 249 17 Deposition of Nutrients and Pollutants to Ecosystems 265 18 Landscape and Regional Biogeochemistry: Approaches 277 Pt. 3 Manipulative Ecosystem Experiments 289 19 Nutrient Manipulations in Terrestrial Ecosystems 291 20 Biotic Manipulation of Aquatic Ecosystems 308 21 Biotic Manipulations Involving Belowground Animals 318 22 Assessing the Effects of Acidification on Aquatic Ecosystems: Insights from Lake Experiments 330 23 Large-Scale Water Manipulations 341 24 Ecosystem Climate Manipulations 353 Pt. 4 Synthesis and Conclusions 371 25 Ecosystem Modeling 373 26 Stoichiometric Analysis of Pelagic Ecosystems: The Biogeochemistry of Planktonic Food Webs 389 Index