Strategies for micropatterned, nanopatterned, and hierarchically structured lotus-like surfaces

Abstract

It has been demonstrated experimentally that roughness changes contact angle (CA) in accordance with the Wenzel model or the Cassie-Baxter model, depending upon whether the surface is hydrophilic or hydrophobic (Bhushan and Jung 2011). Yost et al. (1995) found that roughness enhances wetting of a copper surface with Sn–Pb eutectic solder, which has a contact angle of 15°–20° for a smooth surface.