Design of Experiment Approach to Assess Nine Bisphenols in Fruit Juice Using QuEChERS with Injector Port Silylation via GC–MS/MS

Abstract

Bisphenols (BPs) are hazardous organic chemicals showed endocrine disrupting activity, which has become a growing concern in the present era. In this study, a clean-up procedure, the QuEChERS method was optimized using the design of experiment (DOE) approach and combined with DLLME using acetone (disperser solvent) and 2-dodecanone (extraction solvent) for the quantitative determination of nine different BPs in plastic packed fruit juices. Prepared samples were analyzed by injector port silylation coupled with GC–MS/MS. Significant parameters were selected, viz., sodium acetate, PSA, and centrifugation time from the Pareto chart, and a further central composite design (CCD) experiment was performed to optimize the QuEChERS method. The calibration curve was obtained for concentration range of 0.78–100 ng mL−1, and a determination coefficient (R 2) was found to be 0.9993. The range of LOD values was found in 0.31 to 1.71 ng mL−1. The procedure showed satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 7.91%) and high extraction recoveries (92.69–112.06%). Finally, the developed method is applied for the quantitative analysis of BPs in packed fruit juices. The results show the presence of BPM, BPA, and BPS in the range of 1.10 to 47.08 ng/mL.