Live Cell Imaging Reveals that the Inhibitory FcγRIIB Destabilizes B Cell Receptor Membrane-Lipid Interactions and Blocks Immune Synapse Formation

Abstract

The FcγRIIB is a potent regulator of BCR signaling and as such plays a decisive role in controlling autoimmunity. The use of advanced imaging technologies has provided evidence that the earliest events in Ag-induced BCR signaling include the clustering of the BCR, the selective and transient association of the clustered BCR with raft lipids, and the concentration of BCR clusters in an immune synapse. That lipid rafts play a role in FcγRIIB’s regulation of BCR signaling was suggested by recent studies showing that a lupus-associated loss of function mutation resulted in the receptor’s exclusion from lipid rafts and the failure to regulate BCR signaling. In this study, we provide evidence from both biochemical analyses and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in conjunction with both confocal and total internal reflection microscopy in living cells that the FcγRIIB, when coligated with the BCR, associates with lipid rafts and functions both to destabilize the association of the BCR with raft lipids and to block the subsequent formation of the B cell’s immune synapse. These results define new early targets of FcγRIIB inhibitory activity in the Ag-induced B cell activation pathway.