Design of refractive index sensors based on the wavelength-selective resonant coupling phenomenon in dual-core photonic crystal fibers

Abstract

Design strategies for high-sensitivity refractive index sensors based on the principle of wavelength-selective resonant coupling in dual-core photonic crystal fibers are presented. Phase matching at a single wavelength can be achieved between an analyte-filled microstructured core and a small core with a down-doped rod or one small air hole in the center, thus enabling selectively directional resonant-coupling between the two cores. The transmission spectra of the output light presents a notch at the index-matched wavelength, yielding a resonant wavelength depending on the refractive index of the analyte. Numerical simulations demonstrate that both of the two proposed sensors can be used for highly sensitive detection of low-index analyte. In particular, the configuration realized by introducing the fiber with a small air hole in one core can be used to the detection of the analyte index around 1.33 and the sensitivity reach to 1.2×10(4) nm per refractive index unit (RIU). In addition, the detection limit is as low as 2.5×10(-7) RIU at n(a)=1.33.