A Review of techniques to eliminate fluoride from water

Abstract

This study illustrates the fluoride elimination from drinking water that can be accomplished by various processes, for example, Ultrafiltration, Electro-dialysis, Coagulation/Precipitation, Phytoremediation, Electro-dialysis, Ion-exchange, and Reverse Osmosis processes, ion exchange process, adsorption techniques and so on. Among these process, membrane and ion exchange processes are most expensive. Nalgonda procedure and adsorption techniques are extremely followed worldwide. Nalgonda practice is one of the well known strategies normally utilized for defluoridation of water in some countries such as Tanzania, India and Kenya. Among various processes utilized for the removal of fluoride, the adsorption technique had been frequently used for the elimination of fluoride. The adsorption technique is low cost and offers acceptable results. The adsorption process is broadly used because of its, straight forwardness. It is evident from the literature study that various techniques have signified novel caliber for the elimination of fluoride. The Cost effective and optimum techniques should be adopted among the available processes to control the water contamination.