Fusion of Majorana bound states with mini-gate control in two-dimensional systems

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Abstract

A hallmark of topological superconductivity is the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana bound states (MBS), its chargeless zero-energy emergent quasiparticles. The resulting fractionalization of a single electron, stored nonlocally as a two spatially-separated MBS, provides a powerful platform for implementing fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. However, despite intensive efforts, experimental support for MBS remains indirect and does not probe their non-Abelian statistics. Here we propose how to overcome this obstacle in mini-gate controlled planar Josephson junctions (JJs) and demonstrate non-Abelian statistics through MBS fusion, detected by charge sensing using a quantum point contact, based on dynamical simulations. The feasibility of preparing, manipulating, and fusing MBS in two-dimensional (2D) systems is supported in our experiments which demonstrate the gate control of topological transition and superconducting properties with five mini gates in InAs/Al-based JJs. While we focus on this well-established platform, where the topological superconductivity was already experimentally detected, our proposal to identify elusive non-Abelian statistics motivates also further MBS studies in other gate-controlled 2D systems.

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Zhou, T., Dartiailh, M. C., Sardashti, K., Han, J. E., Matos-Abiague, A., Shabani, J., & Žutić, I. (2022). Fusion of Majorana bound states with mini-gate control in two-dimensional systems. Nature Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29463-6

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