Ethnography is not a method

Abstract

This is the translation of a paper resulting from the lecture given by Mariza Peirano, professor emeritus at Universidade de Brasilia. The lecture was given at the commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the Social Anthropology Postgraduate Program run by Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in 2014. Based on a personal story, which draws the reader into the universe of the anthropology of politics, the author maintains that anthropology is the result of theoretical/ethnographic formulations recorded in monographs, in which estrangement, empiricism, and reflexivity are fundamental tools for the creation of lived theory that updates questions and of anthropology as theoretical storytelling. As it is intended to problematize the separation and hierarchy between theory, method and field work in the production of knowledge, this translation is essential for the training of new generations of anthropologists at undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as for wider audiences involved in the human and social sciences. Questioning the assumption of ethnography as just one method, widely spread in scientific and technical production, beyond anthropology, Peirano calls on the reader to think and cultivate an ethnographic attitude that values surprise (which puts the researcher into perspective) and makes it possible to open up and reformulate hypotheses based on field work experience. Thus, the “ethnographic method” implies that a rejection of a previously defined orientation, a theoretical strengthening based on the experience of the ethnographer, and a confrontation with new field data, creating ethnographic facts, which point to a permanent recombination and intellectual creation.