Shame Transformation Using an Islamic Psycho-Spiritual Approach for Malay Muslims Recovering from Substance Dependence

Abstract

Previous literature has reported the relationship between shame and substance dependence. Some studies suggested that experiencing shame is a risk factor for relapse. Negative feelings of shame are temporarily relieved using substances therefore reinforcing use and maintaining addictive behavior. Consequently, learning how to cope with shame without the use of substances may improve recovery. In contrast, other evidences found that addressing shame may be helpful for developing reasons for stopping use and as a protective factor that helps prevent relapse. This paper describes some Islamic psycho-spiritual approaches and practices for transformation and alleviation of shame for Malay Muslims recovering from substance dependence. These include healing through the process of self-audit (muhasabah), repentance and forgiveness (tawbah), constructing new narrative of the self, and developing a stronger relationship with Allah (hablum min Allah) and other humans (hablum min annas) as the foundation for healthy recovery. It also covers the main areas of definition and prevalence of substance dependence in theMalaysian context as well as literature on shame from the perspectives of theMalaysianMuslim culture.