Introduction

Abstract

Nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) requirements can be seen as a major driver in construction sector for next years, as all new buildings in EU are expected to be nearly zero buildings from 2021. In many countries, present energy performance minimum requirements have not been able to follow increasing energy prices—that has been revealed by cost optimality analyses showing the fact that requirements lag behind and are not able to provide minimal life cycle cost of construction and operation of buildings even with reasonably short life cycle periods used. These two new terms, nZEB and cost optimal energy performance, were launched by energy performance of buildings directive recast (EPBD recast) in EPBD (2010). EPBD requires that energy performance minimum requirements will be shifted to cost optimal level as a first step towards nZEB buildings. Member States have to define what nZEB for them exactly constitutes. It is easy to realize the problem that various definitions of nZEB may cause in Europe if uniformed methodology will not be used. In this book, the latest information on technical definitions, system boundaries and other methodology for energy performance calculations, as well as description of technical solutions, based on nZEB building case studies can be found. This could help all persons needing to be aware or working with energy performance of buildings.