Cluster and smart specialization: Different approaches to design innovation policy

Abstract

In last decades, the urge to boost economic performances of regions has shed light on the importance of Clusters and Smart Specialization policies as catalyst of innovation and competitiveness. This chapter thoroughly analyzes the evolution in theories and practices related to both Cluster and Smart Specialization policies, and outlines similarities and differences between the two policy constructs. Ultimately, by drawing on the previous analysis, an innovative reflection on the role of Cluster and Smart specialization in shaping the structure of regional economies.