Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains among the most common bacterial infections in childhood. An association between UTIs and abnormalities of the renal tract, particularly vesicoureteral reflux, has long been recognized. Concern that episodes of pyelonephritis might result in significant damage to the kidneys culminating in chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even end-stage kidney disease has been tempered in recent times; moreover, any existing CKD is now recognized as predominantly congenital in origin. Recurrent infections, particularly febrile UTIs, do still however have accompanyingmorbidity. This chapter will address all aspects of childhood and adolescent UTI with particular emphasis on our current understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.