Socioeconomic Factors Affect Disparities in Access to Liver Transplant for Hepatocellular Cancer

Abstract

Objective . The incidence/death rate of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is increasing in America, and it is unclear if access to care contributes to this increase. Design/Patients . 575 HCC cases were reviewed for demographics, education, and tumor size. Main Outcome Measures . Endpoints to determine access to HCC care included whether an eligible patient underwent liver transplantation. Results . Transplant patients versus those not transplanted were younger (55.7 versus 61.8 yrs, P<0.001 ), males (89.3% versus 74.4%, P=0.013 ), and having completed high school (10.1% versus 1.2%, P=0.016 ). There were differences in transplant by ethnicity, insurance, and occupation. Transplant patients with HCC had higher median income via census classification ($54,383 versus $49,383, P=0.046 ) and self-reported income ($48,948 versus $38,800, P=0.002 ). Differences in access may be related to exclusion criteria for liver transplant, as Pacific Islanders were more likely to have tumor size larger than 5 cm compared to Whites and have BMI > 35 (20.7%) compared to Whites (6.4%) and Asians (4.7%). Conclusions . Ethnic differences in access to transplant are associated with socioeconomic status and factors that can disqualify patients (advanced disease/morbid obesity). Efforts to overcome educational barriers and screening for HCC could improve access to transplant.