Pharmacokinetic investigation of dose proportionality with a 24-hour controlled-release formulation of hydromorphone

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was investigate the dose proportionality of a novel, once-daily, controlled-release formulation of hydromorphone that utilizes the OROS® Push-Pull™ osmotic pump technology. Methods: In an open-label, four-way, crossover study, 32 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive a single dose of OROS® hydromorphone 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg, with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Opioid antagonism was provided by three or four doses of naltrexone 50 mg, given at 12-hour intervals pre- and post-OROS® hydromorphone dosing. Plasma samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected pre-dose and at regular intervals up to 48 hours post-dose (72 hours for the 64-mg dose), and were assayed for hydromorphone concentration to determine peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time at which peak plasma concentration was observed (Tmax), terminal half-life (t1/2), and area under the concentration-time curve for zero to time t (AUC0-t) and zero to infinity (AUC0-∞). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) model on untransformed and dose-normalized data for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and Cmax was used to establish dose linearity and proportionality. Results: The study was completed by 31 of 32 subjects. Median Tmax (12.0-16.0 hours) and mean t1/2 (10.6-11.0 hours) were found to be independent of dose. Regression analyses of Cmax, AUC0-48, and AUC0-∞ by dose indicated that the relationship was linear (slope, P ≤ 0.05) and that the intercept did not differ significantly from zero (P < 0.05). Similar analyses with dose-normalized parameters also indicated that the slope did not differ significantly from zero (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of OROS® hydromorphone are linear and dose proportional for the 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg doses. © 2007 Sathyan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.