Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia

Abstract

This study aimed to establish the clinical features, outcomes, and factors associated with mortality in patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) septicemia. The characteristics and outcome data used in this retrospective study were collected from medical records at Songklanagarind Hospital. Risk factors for survival were analyzed using χ2-tests, Kaplan–Meier curves, and Cox regression. A total of 117 patients with S. maltophilia bacteremia were analyzed. The patients’ median age was 45 years, 77 (70%) were male, 105 (90%) had comorbidities, 112 (96%) had previously undergone carbapenem therapy, and over half of the patients were on invasive medical devices. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and fluoroquinolone showed high susceptibility rates to S. maltophilia, with 93% and 88% susceptibility, respectively. Patients who received appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment had significantly reduced 14-day, 30-day, and in-hospital mortality rates than those who did not (p < 0.001). The days of hospital stay and costs for those who received appropriate and inappropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment were 21 and 34 days (p < 0.001) and 142,463 and 185,663 baht, respectively (p < 0.002). Our results suggest that an appropriate empirical antibiotic(s) is significantly associated with lower 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with S. maltophilia septicemia.