Abdominal compartment syndrome and open abdomen for trauma

Abstract

ACS is an abnormal condition determining progressive deterioration of viscera as a consequence of abdominal trauma or spontaneous pathologies. It may be caused by an aggressive intensive care, in patients without any primary abdominal pathologies. Knowledge of risk factors, monitoring techniques of the abdominal pressure, and abdominal perfusion pressure may allow prevention. The treatment is represented by surgical decompression. The open abdomen management, following surgical decompression, is a complex condition because of the hostile environment and requires the adoption of negative-pressure system. The primary issue is represented by the primary fascia closure as the clinical conditions allow it; if this approach is not possible, a peritoneum bridge closure has to be carried out.