Modeling of the Acceptable Waiting Time for EV Charging in Japan

Abstract

The limited number of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates periodic charging, resulting in extended queues at charging stations as drivers await their availability. This study contributes to the existing body of literature by providing estimates of consumer preferences for allowable waiting times at charging stations, as well as furthering the understanding of the roles of the explanatory variables influencing these preferences. The study also compares the average and maximum waiting times experienced by EV drivers, with the acceptable waiting time. Responses from the stated preference survey in Japan in 2021 were analyzed using a generalized ordered logit model. The results show that (a) the sex, age, household income, employment status, and vehicle usage frequency significantly influenced the preferences for allowable waiting times, and (b) the allowable waiting time preferences were significantly associated with the charging locations. Our estimation model indicated a positive association of convenience stores, large commercial facilities, and highway locations with short and medium allowable waiting times. The results provide useful insights into the policy implications of the charging infrastructure.