Assessment of diagnostic value of Serum Ca-125 and risk of malignancy index scoring in the evaluation of adnexal masses

Abstract

Adnexal masses have a wide spectrum with respect to the age of presentation, signs and symptoms, imaging findings, and histopathology report. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional diagnostic study, conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. The data were collected from department of gynecology over a period of 1 1/2 years from June 2017 to December 2018. All women who were diagnosed to have an adnexal mass irrespective to age, parity, and menopausal status were included in the study. Ultrasonography of the abdomen with the pelvis was ordered in all patients followed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in selective patients. Tumor markers such as Ca-125 was measured, and risk of malignancy index (RMI) was calculated for each tumor. The clinical and imaging findings were correlated with intra-operative findings and finally with the histopathology examination report. Results: A total of 171 women were included in the study who were diagnosed to have adnexal mass. A total of 137 women (80.1%) had benign tumor (Group B), whereas 34 women (19.9%) were found to have malignant tumor (Group M). Mean age in Group B was 35.85 ± 12.46 and in Group M was 46.12 ± 13.46 (P = 0.001). Ca-125 was significantly higher in Group M (1350 U/ml) than Group B (175 U/ml) (P = 0.008). The RMI score was also found to significantly increased in Group M than Group B (P = 0.007). Conclusion: With respect to adnexal masses, both Ca-125, as well as RMI scoring, are important diagnostic tools. RMI scoring has a better overall diagnostic performance than Ca-125 in predicting malignancy.