Evaluating the Interactions Between Proteins and Components of the Immune System with Polymer Nanoparticles

Abstract

The use of polymer nanoparticles in biomedicine has increased in recent years because of their potential to improve a wide range of biomedical applications, particularly as drug-delivery systems. However, the use of these nanoparticles in biomedicine has been accompanied by significant concern regarding their biocompatibility. The success of the use of nanoparticles in biomedical applications will depend to some extent on their interactions with cells and other components of the immune system. The main focus of this chapter is the way in which the interactions between complement factors, antibodies and cells with nanoparticles can be studied. The main guidelines, protocols, and key issues to be considered in these assays will be discussed. Moreover, the potential immunogenicity induced by nanoparticles will be addressed. Immunostimulation can be beneficial for vaccine purposes as nanoparticles could activate the complement system, improve the antigenicity of weak antigens by serving as adjuvants, enhance antigen uptake, and stimulate antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, unwanted immune activation can lead to undesirable reactions in the host’s body, such as inflammation, allergic, or pseudoallergic reactions and autoimmune disorders.