Port site metastases from gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results of a Swedish survey and review of published reports

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the incidence of port site metastases from unsuspected gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Design: Retrospective national multicentre study, 1991-94. Setting: All 8 university and 24 central hospitals, Sweden. Subjects and interventions: All 32 hospitals were interviewed by means of a written questionnaire. The registers of all Swedish Oncological Centres and the registers of the National Board of Health and Welfare were checked for reported cases of gallbladder cancer and surgical classification codes for cholecystectomy. To detect laparoscopic interventions incorrectly registered as open operations, all cholecystectomies registered as open were matched against the Swedish Registry of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for the years 1991-93 and all patients records for 1994 were scrutinised. Results: Replies were obtained from 30/32 clinics (94%) and 11976 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were done. Of 447 patients with verified gallbladder carcinoma 270 had their gallbladders removed, 55 (20%) laparoscopically. 9 of these (16%) developed port site metastases and 6 died from their disease at a median of 18 months (range 5-22). Two patients are alive, 54 and 45 months after cholecystectomy. One patient has been lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Port site metastases from gallbladder cancer may be more common than previously thought. A laparoscopic procedure should not be done if cancer of the gallbladder is suspected.