Maternal factors and associated anomalies in NTD fetuses from Tunisia

Abstract

Aim of the study: To determine the impact of maternal age, consanguinity, season of conception and variation in the amount of amniotic fluid for the appearance of anomalies associated with neural tube defects (NTDs). Materials and methods: 150 NTD fetuses, a result from autopsies (macroscopic autopsy; microscopic study of biopsy fragments; macro and microscopic brain examination), have been examined during a period of three years (01.2006, 01.2009), in the Clinic of Fetopathology, at the Center of Maternity and Neonatology-Tunisia. Results: Anomalies associated with NTDs occur three times more often in pregnancies with an abnormal amount of amniotic fluid. Also, their likelihood of cardiovascular and reproductive system anomalies is increased four times. Nearly 80% of the NTD fetuses conceived during the autumn-winter period have acrania. Women older than 35, are twice more likely to have underweight children and children with defects of the digestive system and hand. They are also three times more likely to have fetuses with endocrine system abnormalities. Anomalies incompatible with life occur twice as often in consanguineous unions. Conclusion: The mother's age, consanguinity, season of conception, and variation in the amount of amniotic fluid have considerable impact on the emergence of associated anomalies in fetuses with NTDs.