Current application of intense pulsed light for the management of dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Abstract

This review explored intense pulsed light (IPL) as an alternative treatment for dry eye disease (DED) symptom relief by correcting tear‑film homeostasis. A systematic search was performed in March 2022 on five databases (Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and EBSCO). Studies were extracted for the following outcomes of interest: standard patient evaluation of eye dryness questionnaire (SPEED), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break‑up time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS). All studies published up to March 2022 were reviewed. Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) was used to screen studies for risk of bias where appropriate. A meta‑analysis was done to quantify any reported quantitative data. Thirteen studies were included in this study. A total of 931 individuals and 1454 numbers of eyes were reviewed in this meta‑analysis. Among studies that explored and reported the effect of IPL in individuals with DED, TBUT and OSDI improved significantly post intervention, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.02 [95% CI: 0.41–1.64] and 0.28 [95% CI: 0.04–0.52], respectively. CFS and SPEED scores, however, showed no statistically significant difference, with an SMD of 0.22 [95% CI: −0.19 to 0.64] and 0.28 [95% CI: −0.11 to 0.66], respectively. In conclusion, current evidence indicates IPL as a possible adjunctive treatment in individuals with DED in an otherwise limited treatment option. Further studies through more extensive trials are needed to validate this finding and elucidate its mechanism.